Population: The department of Oruro, counts on 391,870 inhabitants (INE, census 2001),
Surface: The total area of the department is 53,588 km2.
Capital: The city of Oruro is capital of the department, founded 1 of November of 1606 with the name of Real Villa of Austria. It has a population of 201,230 inhabitants. It is at an altitude of 3,702 m s.n.m. And its celebration is the 10 of February in commemoration of the indigenous revolution of 1781.
Political division: This department has 16 provinces, 175 cantons and 35 municipalitiesGeography: The department of Oruro occupies the central part of the Altiplano of Bolivia, is in full plateau altiplanica. The predominant topography is relatively flat, although much of the territory is mountainous, and there majestic Mount Sajama rises, with an elevation of 6,542 m.s.n.m. The city is surrounded by a mountain range with ten summits, the highest being that of San Felipe. To the south extends the lake Uru Uru.
Limits: bordered to the north with the department of La Paz, to the south with the department of 'Potosí, to the east with the departments of Cochabamba and Potosí and to the west with the Republic of Chile.
Climate: The climate is cold almost all year round. Its average annual temperature is 9 degrees Celsius, arriving in summer until 20 ° C at mid-morning and part of the afternoon. The difference in minimum temperatures between winter and spring-summer exceeds 10 ° C.
Orography: The department is affected by the presence of the western or volcanic mountain range in its western zone, bordering with the Republic of Chile, in which they stand out: the Sajama (6,542 m.), The mountain (in this case a volcano ) And the Payachatas (Pomarape 6.222 m and Parinacota 6.132 m). To the southwest is important the mountain range of Sabaya.
Cumbres: Carabaya (5,869 m.) And the Tata Sabaya (5,550 m.). The central part of the department of Oruro forms part of the great plateau plateau. Towards the northeast a section of the Cordillera de Tres Cruces penetrates the department and along the Uru - Uru and Poopó lakes runs the Azanaques mountain range, which divides water from the Central and Lacustrine, Amazon and Silver basins. The main heights are: Black Pavilion (5,400 m.), Summit of the Toro (5,180 m).
Hydrography: It belongs to the lake basin, its main rivers are: Desaguadero, which links Lake Titicaca with Lake Poopó; Tacagua, Sevaruyo and Juchusajahuira. Outside Lake Poopó there is also Lake Coipasa which is also considered a salar in much of its extension.
MAJOR REGIONAL FESTIVITY: The Oruro Carnival is unique in the world, because of its religious sense, which has a double root; On the one hand, the Andean-native region and, on the other, the Catholic, brought by the Spanish conquistadors. The carnival festival is, above all, a tribute to the virgin, and the parishioners dressed in lavish costumes that, using masks adorned with vipers, lizards and toads (animals that the demigod Huari sent for the destruction of the Urus) offer a Show of the struggle of good against evil, in an achievement of faith and popular theater.
Agriculture: The department of oruro produces potato, quinoa, goose, bean, barley and some vegetables. Livestock: It is important the breeding of sheep, also the breeding of camelids: llamas, alpacas; Under optimum conditions: cattle, horses and pigs.
Mining: The department of Oruro has basically settled its development in the mining industry; The highest production mines are Huanuni and, Colquiri. The department is rich in deposits of copper, wolfran, antimony, zinc, sulfur, borax, lithium, etc. Foundries: The facilities of the tin smelting and antimony furnaces are being built at 6 km, which at the present time melt 16,500 tonnes of tin and 4500 tonnes of antimony. Industry: The biggest industry in the department of Oruro is mining extractive, also the manufacture of footwear, soaps, pasta (noodles and biscuits), millers, bricks and fine ceramics for construction.
Communication routes.
Terrestrial: Daily bus service from the cities of La Paz, Potosí, Cochabamba, Sucre and Tarija. Also international service to the Republic of Chile (Arica, Iquique). It has asphalted road to all these sections, except for the part corresponding to Cucho Ingenio (Potosí) - Tarija, which nevertheless is in full work of asphalting.
Railway: From the border with the Republic of Argentina (Villazón) and the border with the Republic of Chile (Calama).
Ethnic Groups: The department was originally populated by Aymara and Quechua speaking communities; However, we can mention as one of the most important Chipaya people, which is located in the highlands. The region's inhabitants are hosts of the region's wealth of mountains, hot springs, wildlife reserves, which preserve the species of camelids like llamas, alpacas and vicuñas.
GASTRONOMY: Roasted Face Head of lamb with leather, cooked in the oven. Fish Variety of dishes based on fish, especially the pejerrey.
HISTORY: Don Francisco de Medrano, around 1585, baptized with the name of San Miguel de Oruro a town called Ururu, notable for its development in ceramics, fame that extends from Venezuela to beyond Tucumán, Argentina. On 1 February 1606, on what was the town of San Miguel de Oruro, the licentiate in canons and letters, overseer of the audience of Charcas, Don Miguel de Castro and Padilla, founded the Royal Villa of St. Francis of Austria. The 10 of February of 1781 exploded the revolution against the colonial tyranny, being led by Don Sebastián Payador, the Menacho and other more patriots; The brothers Juan de Dios and Jacinto Rodríguez, were the brains of the rebellion. On October 6, 1810, the strongest feat of emancipation took place, which was consolidated with the victory of Aroma, whose main protagonist was Esteban Arze. Finally, on September 5, 1826, during the presence of the Marshal of Ayacucho Antonio Jose de Sucre, the Department of Oruro was created.
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